What Is Silent Celiac Disease?

Silent celiac disease is when a person's body attacks their small intestine as a reaction to the gluten protein in grains like wheat, barley, and rye. However, their reaction doesn't cause common digestive symptoms like diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain.

They may have other symptoms of celiac disease, including fatigue and neurological changes. Some people have no symptoms and are said to have "silent celiac disease" or "asymptomatic celiac disease."

This article goes over what silent celiac disease is and why it can still lead to severe intestinal injury. It also explains how the condition is diagnosed and why a gluten-free diet is a necessary treatment.

How Silent Celiac Is Revealed

People living with celiac disease are being diagnosed more often thanks to increased awareness and screening—not necessarily because they had symptoms. When someone in your family is diagnosed with celiac, healthcare providers will likely recommend screening for all their close relatives. This screening can pick up cases of celiac disease in people who don't have any symptoms.

Other people are diagnosed with celiac disease because they have a related condition, such as thyroid disease or anemia, and their providers refer them for celiac screening.

For many people, the diagnosis comes as a surprise. If you don't have GI symptoms, you might be shocked to learn you have a serious health condition affecting your digestive tract.

Challenges of a Gluten-Free Diet

Silent celiac disease offers no clues to suggest you should adopt a gluten-free diet. Even some people living with celiac find it hard to stay on a gluten-free diet when they are not having symptoms and do not notice any obvious problems from eating gluten.

However, there are important reasons to be gluten-free if you have celiac even if you don't have symptoms.

Gluten-Free Diets and Long-Term Health

Following a gluten-free diet may help to prevent some significant health issues related to the condition, such as:

• Malnutrition
• Infertility
• Osteoporosis

Celiac disease also may play a role in the development of certain cancers.

Celiac Disease and Autoimmune Disorders

People with celiac disease (with or without symptoms), commonly have other autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Consuming gluten may make these conditions more likely to develop.

While there has been little research, some studies have suggested that a gluten-free diet could prevent or help to treat these conditions.

Benefits of a Gluten-Free Diet

A silent celiac disease diagnosis means your health will probably improve when you're following a strict gluten-free diet. People who dismissed mild symptoms as "normal" at first often make the connection between certain symptoms and their diet once they go gluten-free and start feeling better.

Studies have suggested there might also be benefits for people who have not been diagnosed with celiac disease. For example, a gluten-free diet may relieve symptoms and improve health for people living with:

• Fibromyalgia
• Endometriosis
• Obesity
• Mental health conditions including schizophrenia

Some research has suggested that people diagnosed with certain types of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) also may benefit from a gluten-free diet, but more studies are needed.

Summary

Silent celiac disease occurs when people do not have the typical digestive symptoms of the condition when they consume gluten. While a person may not have symptoms (or even an official diagnosis) of celiac, the damage to the intestines from the disease is still taking place.

Following a strict gluten-free diet can be a life-changing decision for people with celiac, but it's the recommended treatment. A gluten-free diet may also help prevent certain related disorders, like inflammatory arthritis.

A Word From Verywell

Silent celiac disease is also sometimes referred to as asymptomatic celiac disease due to a lack of typical symptoms, such as diarrhea, constipation, stomach pain, or other digestive issues. However, it’s important to note that silent celiac disease is still celiac disease, and you will still benefit from a gluten-free diet even if you have mild or no symptoms. It’s worth having a discussion with your healthcare provider if you suspect you might have silent celiac disease.

— ALLISON HERRIES, RDN, MEDICAL EXPERT BOARD